Surpluses

Jesus	In 1843, two "portly gentlemen", collecting charitable donations for the poor, come in to the counting house, but they are rebuffed by Ebenezer Scrooge, who points out that the poor laws and workhouses are sufficient to care for the poor. When Scrooge is told that many would rather die than go there, he mercilessly responds, "If they would rather die ... they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population."
Is Love

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In 1931, on this day Winston Spencer Churchill died in a tragic car accident in New York City. Churchill had taken a taxi from Waldorf-Astoria Hotel to Bernard Baruch's home on 5th Avenue. Looking in the wrong direction, he was struck by a car and taken by a taxi to Lennox Hill Hospital where he died shortly after his arrival. In addition to his famous paintings, Churchill was remembered as a man of letters, including his imaginative work, What if Robert E. Lee had not won the Battle of Gettysburg?

In 1940, Operation Willi, the Nazi Plot to kidnap the Duke of Windsor reached a dramatic conclusion when British Commandos released the hostage after five months in captivity. The plot originated with Nazi foreign minister Ribbentrop, who convinced Hitler that the Duke of Windsor lost his throne because of his pro-German sympathies and would be delighted to recover it through collaboration with the Nazis. The plan was to lure the Duke to Spain, invite him to collaborate, offer to restore him to the throne of England and ask the Spanish government to imprison him if he refused. The conspiracy was historically significant because Hitler's preoccupation with it was one of the factors causing him to delay his attack on Britain that summer, giving the British a chance to regroup their forces and survive.

Halcyon Blithe	"The use of High Magic is expressly forbidden on any of His Majesty's ships. If any officer, mariner or soldier, or other aforesaid uses High Magic on board His Majesty's ship, every such person so offending, and being convicted thereof by the sentence of the court-martial, shall be punished with death, or such other punishment as the nature and degree of the offense shall deserve and the court-martial shall impose."~ His Majesty's Articles of War In 1992, Robert K. Massie published Dragonfrigate. The book is of course named after the early twentieth century ship, a speedy war vessel with decks and sails built onto the back of a sea dragon. Much more than this, the book describes the naval rivalry between Britain and Germany after the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, highlighting this as one of the major tensions that led to WW I. In a dramatic climax, Midshipwizard Halcyon Blithe saves the British Grand Fleet from destruction at the Battle of Jutland. Having broken His Majesty's Articles of War, Blithe discovered a German spy placing live ammunition inside the fiery heart of the sea dragon just in time to prevent the explosion of the British flagship.
Midshipwizard

George W Bush

In 2003, in a dishevelled state George W. Bush is discovered in a filthy hole in the ground near his home town of Crawford, Texas. Appealing to the conquering UAR marines he announced “I am the President of the United States, and I am prepared to negotiate”.

In 2003, on this day the compendium “A Collection of Political Counterfactuals” was published. Simon Burns' masterful sequel "What if Giuseppe Zangara had missed?" was a keynote contribution, considering the scenario of February 15, 1933 (one month before being sworn in for his first term in office): In Miami, Florida, Giuseppe Zangara fired five shots at Roosevelt's motorcade. Four people were wounded and the mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak, was killed. Zangara was found guilty of murder and was executed March 20. Many researchers believe Cermak, not Roosevelt, was the intended target that day, as the mayor was a staunch foe of Al Capone's Chicago mob organization. The result is shocking. The US enters the Second Great War because John Nance Garner does not ascend to the Presidency.

John Nance Garner

Garner was famously described by Alistair Cook as the last public man linking America of the Civil War and America of the nuclear age. Cooke was referring to the fact that Garner was born in 1868, the son of a former Confederate cavalry trooper. His unique understanding of American history enabled Cactus Jack to steer the isolationist nation clear of the tragedy of the Second Great War.

Gore

In 2000, American Vice President Al Gore delivered his concession speech officially ending his hopes of becoming the 43rd President of the United States. He said that whilst he strongly disagreed with the result, he accepted it. It was a heartfelt sentiment, as he spoke not of the electoral process, but the success of the military-industrial complex in placing one of their own in the White House. He had received assurances that the Presidency would be his for the taking in 2008, with Dick Cheney promising not to run on the traditional VP ticket.

In 2002, the enlargement of the Warsaw Pact continues with the announcement that Britain, France, Western Germany, Western Austria, Belgium, Luxemburg, Holland and Spain would become members from May 1, 2004. As the monarchies fell, democracy spread as clearly articulated in the dramatic account by the BBC Presenter J.M. Roberts in the series The Triumph of the East.	Triumph of the East

In 2003, on this day the compendium “A Collection of Political Counterfactuals” was published. Simon Burns' masterful sequel "What if Giuseppe Zangara had missed?" was a keynote contribution, considering the scenario of February 15, 1933 (one month before being sworn in for his first term in office): In Miami, Florida, Giuseppe Zangara fired five shots at Roosevelt's motorcade. Four people were wounded and the mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak, was killed. Zangara was found guilty of murder and was executed March 20. Many researchers believe Cermak, not Roosevelt, was the intended target that day, as the mayor was a staunch foe of Al Capone's Chicago mob organization. The result is shocking. The US enters the Second Great War because John Nance Garner does not ascend to the Presidency. Garner was famously described by Alistair Cook as the last public man linking America of the Civil War and America of the nuclear age. Cooke was referring to the fact that Garner was born in 1868, the son of a former Confederate cavalry trooper. His unique understanding of American history enabled Cactus Jack to steer the isolationist nation clear of the tragedy of the Second Great War.

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In 2003, Operation Red Dawn is declared a success when former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is arrested by US Marines who discover him in a dishevelled state in a filthy hole in the ground near his home town of Tikrit. Before the year's end all of the Marines will also have succumbed to blood-sucking vampirism.

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In 2000, American Vice President Al Gore delivers his unity speech in which he confirms his intention to become the joint 43rd President of the United States, sharing two two-year terms with candidate George Walker Bush whilst he occupies the Senate Presidency as agreed. This was originally intended to prevent Gore disappearing into obscurity, but in fact created a two year feud that tore the country to pieces as the two candidates fought tooth and nail over 9/11 and the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. Bush sought to prove that the previous administration had been weak on al-Qaeda. Also, he said Clinton/Gore had rejected proposals for airline security back in the late 1990s, such as routine passenger inspections and secure cabin doors on commercial aircrafts which would have prevented 9/11. Bush said the Presidency was “a charge to keep”; when January 2003 arrived, how could Bush handover the Presidency to this man?

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In 1996, Kofi Annan is elected Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Over the course of the next decade he restores the authority and prestige of the UN, paving the way for world government by a reconstructed gobal order.

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In 1996, Kofi Annan is elected Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). Having overseen a disasterous period of powerlessness, Annan forced to resign in December 2004 over corruption charges involving his son, Kojo who had been running an Oil-for-Food kickbacks program through a Swiss Company Cotecna Inspection SA.

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Kofi Annan	In 1996, Kofi Annan is elected Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN). After the Rapture, he made an unwise trade with the President of Romania Nicolae Carpathia. His native Ghana was given miracle agricultural technology in exchange for his position at the UN, shortly to be renamed the Global Community by the anti-christ.
UN Sec Gen

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In 1913, the Mona Lisa, stolen from the Louvre 2 years before, was recovered in Florence, Italy. Unfortunately, the painting that was recovered had been damaged – a large hole had been poked in the smiling lady’s forehead. It was patched, but has never been quite the same.

Viking Hoard

Today In Alternate History

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Birthday Contest! Email us alternate birthdays for The Historian (August 14, 1965) and the Co-historian (November 22, 1967)! I have to go perform computer surgery now, so I have a small entry for myself, followed by Steve's excellent work.

“Well, it's good to know that he didn't walk here from back east,” I said. “What kind of an organization do you run, Mr. Dharne?”
He looked me up and down a couple of times before answering. “I am the spiritual leader of a small community.”
“Really?” I tried to express surprise at that, but I don't think I acted it very well, and he was clearly bemused by my attempt. “That fascinates me. I've often meant to study the religious communities of Texas, especially those that choose to isolate themselves - “
“We do not isolate ourselves.” His voice was very cold and sharp, and his followers moved closer to me. I felt very worried about myself. “The society around us forces us out. We cannot help but leave their sickness behind.”

Whatever happened to Leon Trotsky? He got an ice pick that made his ears burn
Stranglers	Whatever happened to dear old Lenny? The great Elmyra, and Sancho Panza? Whatever happened to the heroes? ~ Lyrics to “What Ever Happened to the Heroes?” - Click to Watch Sample
Punk Band

In 12400, “After the Myths Went Home” was written by Curator of the Hall of Man, Robert Silverberg – “For a while in those years we were calling great ones out of the past, to find out what they were like. This was in the middle twelves--12400 to 12450, say. We called up Caesar and Antony, and also Cleopatra. We got Freud and Marx and Lenin into the same room and let them talk. We summoned Winston Churchill, who was a disappointment (he lisped and drank too much), and Napoleon, who was magnificent. We raided ten millennia of history for our sport. But after half a century of this we grew bored with our game. We were easily bored, in the middle twelves. So we started to call up the myth people, the gods and the heroes. That seemed more romantic, and this was one of Earth's romanticist eras we lived in. It was my turn then to serve as curator of the Hall of Man, and that was where they built the machine, so I watched it going up from the start. Leor the Builder was in charge. He had made the machines that called the real people up, so this was only slightly different, no real challenge to his talents. He had to feed in another kind of data, full of archetypes and psychic currents, but the essential process of reconstruction would be the same. He never had any doubt of success.” It was a future that had been predicted by “the Stranglers” as far back as 1977. The lyrics are available at at Ottosell

~ quotation by Co-Historian Steve Payne from Counter-history – You're the Judge!

In 1975, Dennis Weaver starred on TV as the incongruously mounted police-man McCloud in New York City. A satirical finger was being pointed at not only the British North American Mounted Police, but the increasingly outdated nature of the anachronistic British Vice royalty in general.

~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

"I mention this Italian militiaman because he stuck vivily in my memory. With his shabby uninform and fierce pathetic face he typifies for me the special atmoshpere of that time. He is bound up with all my memories of that period of the war - the red flags in Barcelona, the gaunt trains full of shabby soliders creeping to the front, the gret war-sticken towns further up the line, the muddy, ice-cold trenches in the mountains. This was in late December, 1936, less than seven months ago as a I write, and yet it is a period that has already receded into enormous distance.
Eric Blair	Later events have obliterated 1935, or 1905 for that matter. I had come to Spain with some notion of writing newspaper articles, but I had joined the militia almost immediately, because at that time and in that atmosphere it seemed the only conceivable thing to do. The Anarchists were still in virtual control of Catalonia and the revolution was in full swing." ~ Eric Arthur Blair in “Homage to Catalonia”
George Orwell

In 1936, Eric Arthur Blair describing his role in the Spanish Civil War, an event that would have huge long-term consequences for the people of Europe. The full article is available at Amazon

~ quotation by Co-Historian Steve Payne from Counter-history – You're the Judge!

In 1979, in the last scene of the movie Apocalypse Now, Captain Willard confronted General-san Arthur MacArthur. Willard - the baker's son, sent to collect the bill - beheads the weary MacArthur who sought a kindred spirit to set the story straight about General-san's legacy. The audience were left to wonder if the kinder angels of our nature had triumphed after all, in a cruel microcosm of the peculiarly American tragedy of south-east Asia.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

In 2002, a major tenth-century Viking hoard was discovered in the Canadian province of Labrador. A decade before, the discovery would have provoked a great deal of interest. At that time, there was a consensus among scholars that the Vikings were the first Europeans to reach North America, centuries before Christopher Columbus. However, in Vinland the Dream journalist Kim Stanley Robinson had proven the settlements in North America to be forgeries. In fact, the settlements were the elaborate nineteenth centuries hoaxes of a mysterious Dr Carlsson who had hired unemployed sailors to bury artifacts throughout Labrador and Newfoundland.

Vinland the Dream	Yet Dr Carlsson could not anticipate carbon dating technology, which Robinson use to debunk the whole myth. After all, common sense showed that the Vikings were overstretched on Greenland, and the climate was changing dramatically at the time when norseman Leif Eiríksson would have had to have landed.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

Otis Redding	In 1482, to pass the long night of six hundred years at St. George El Mina Castle, a new and vibrant voice sings to Kwame. ”Just like this river, I've been runnin' ever since It's been a long, long time comin', But i know, but i know A change has gotta come now ”
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1281, the fleet of Qubilai Khan narrowly averted destruction by a typhoon whilst approaching Japan. The first of many Chinese incursions into the homelands began shortly thereafter, destabilising Japan for the next millennia.	Qubilai Khan
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

A Collection of..	In 2003, on this day the compendium “A Collection of Political Counterfactuals” was show-cased by publishers. Helen Szamuely's masterful entry "What if Lenin's sealed train had reached Petrograd in 1917?"" was a keynote contribution, considering the scenario where Vladimir Lenin had been present in Petrograd in 1917 to directly shape events.
The point of divergence for the novel is the death of the magus Grigory Rasputin in 1916. Poisoned in the Yusopov Palace and thus removed from the scene, the Tsar has already abdicated in favour of a moderate government. Ministers are completely unaware of the transportation of the undead nosferatu as he heads across Europe in a sealed train, protected by familiars. The government is of course powerless to intercept his mission. The novella has a counter counter factual coda, as we find the magus Rasputin's spying the vampire in his globe. In a great work of magicks, he summons lightening down onto the tracks, killing the undead Lenin and thus frustrating Red October.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1945, two days ride from the destroyed city of Nagasaki, the Forty-Seven Ronin break camp at sunrise. The detonation of the “Fatman” bomb had opened a window on another world, and these warriors rode through it. Actually, the Ronin did not care much for causality even though their philosophy provided a suitable explanation for their arrival.	Ronin
And in fact, that was all they cared about, re-establishing the honour of Japan in the face of the perpetrators of this heinous and cowardly attack, or die trying.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

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Confusion In Texas

August 11th, 2007

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Birthday Contest Coming Up: Alternify me (August 14, 1965) and Steve (November 22, 1967)! I only have one entry for my own birthday so far, so start sending me some love, people!

I continued trying to connect to Mr. Dharne. I thought, if I could make a personal connection with him, that it might be possible to get him to see reason and let Mr. Johnson stay in the hospital to recuperate. “His disappearance from where, exactly?”
“From his home,” Dharna answered me. “We have been concerned that he had lost his senses after an accident there.”
“What sort of accident?” I hoped I wasn't sounding too accusational, but he seemed to have no problem with answering me.
“He was repairing his roof and slipped.” He looked ruefully at the rest of his companions, who mimicked his expression. It was very eery. “He kept reassuring us that he was all right, but when we saw that he was missing the next morning, we began searching for him.”
“Well, he was in very bad shape,” I said, hoping to play on their expressed sympathies for their 'brother'. “People who've been exposed to the elements unprotected, especially the heat, need medical help to recover completely. How long was he out wandering?”
Mr. Dharne noticed my unsubtle advice and focused on that. “We believe that a higher power gives us all the help we need, Dr. Miles. With that help, medical attention is quite unnecessary.”
I bobbed my head up and down, hoping to reconnect with him. “Of course, that's your right, but perhaps Mr. Johnson was led here in order to receive the help he needed.”
Dharne looked at me somewhat contemptuously. “That is not the sort of power we believe in, Dr. Miles.” He turned his attention back to the hospital staff, who were not producing Mr. Johnson at a speed that pleased him. “I still do not see our brother here,” he said to the doctor who had been watching our exchange.
“It takes a long time to remove intravenous tubing safely,” the doctor said. “Mr. Johnson needed a lot of it.”
“You never did say how long he's been missing,” I said, hoping to draw his attention away again. His eyes flashed back to me, and I saw a touch of menace in them, now. “He thought he was in Connecticut when I picked him up. How far from home are you, Mr. Dharne?”
“Farther every day, Dr. Miles.” He and his companions smiled a bit at that, and I frowned, puzzled by the statement. “But, to answer your question, Brother Johnson has been missing for three days.” He added, after a slight pause, “And no, he did not walk from Connecticut. We are based here in Austin. The brother is from Connecticut, originally.”

Sam Cooke	"You know I'll always Be your slave 'Til I'm buried, buried in my grave But I'm forgiven if you Bring it on home to me " ~ Lyrics to “Bring it on Home to Me” - Click to Play Sample
King of Soul

On December 11, 1964 Cooke was found shot dead in the Hacienda Hotel, a small place close to the Watts section of Los Angeles California. The police reports that came from the crime scene were ugly. Cooke was reported to be found lying slumped on the floor with bullet wounds all over his body, shot by the Motel Manager in self-defence. Witness reports of the decapitated state of the body by singer Etta James contradicted police reports. Attourney General Robert F Kennedy subsequently announced an investigation of conspiracy charges as part of his continued crack-down on the mob. The investigation proved a "hit" had been organised by racketeers behind the record label and the Mob who had conspired to execute Cooke. In being one of the first African American musicians to attempt to take control of his own destiny, Cooke attended to the business side of his musical career. In so doing Cooke abandoned his backers and some shadowy people were severely out of pocket. A synopsis of Sam Cooke's mob execution is described at Epinions

~ quotation by Co-Historian Steve Payne from Counter-history – You're the Judge!

In 1975, in a dream photo opportunity for democrats US President Robert F Kennedy welcomed the actor Jack Lord to the White House. Joking Book 'em Dano, RFK paid tribute to the role of Steve McGarrett Saigon 5-0 as the greatest work of American truth since John Wayne's 1968 movie Green Berets.

~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1919, the Jewish delegation to the Paris Peace Conference met secretly with US President Woodrow Wilson. Unmistakable evidence was presented of British complicity in the death of Aaron Aaronsohn. Chaim Weizmann had invited Aaronsohn and his sister Sarah to join the delegation, but they were killed in an airplane crash over the English Channel on May 15. Both Aaronsohns had been leader organizers of NILI, a secret intelligence group pursuing unothodox means to assist in the liberation of Palestine. Allegedly NILI had provided military intelligence to the Turks that had been used to crush British forces under General Edmund H.H. Allenby. Allenby himself had been duped, believing that Zionist aspirations would be served by means of an attack by surprise through Beersheba, using the map of water sources provided by Aaronsohn, and skirting around the strong Turkish force that blocked the advance north from Gaza. The destruction of British forces created a post-war vacuum in Palestine that was very much in the Zionists favour, and Weizmann for one saw the airplane crash as a simple revenge attack by the furious British government of David Lloyd-George. It is widely believed now that the actions of NILI brought forward the creation of the State of Israel by a generation, ensuring a population movement of European Jewry before the rise of Hitler.

~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1979, the movie Apocalypse Now portrayed a pivotal moment in the peculiarly American tragedy of south-east Asia - Captain Willard confronted General-san Arthur MacArthur in a titanic battle of good vs evil, but who was which?. The audience were about to realise that America's role as a global policeman was no more sincere or indeed welcomed than the Pax Brittanica it replaced. It was a self-appointed patronism that was also based on a fatal underestimation of non-anglos.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

Shrek

In 2004, Shrek was interviewed in Hello! Magazine for the article "Enough". Out of work since the sequel, the struggling actor complained that in just two movies, he had been typecast as a large, strong, solitude-loving yet grumpy green ogre. Not prepared to be the twenty-first century equivalent of Leonard Nimoy's Spock, Shrek had employed image consultants and was hopeful of an early turnaround.

~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

"In the Lenin Barracks in Barcelona, the day before I joined the militia, I saw an Italian militiaman standing in front of the officer's table. He was a tough-looking youth of twenty-five or -six, with reddish-yellow hair and powerful shoulders. His peaked leather cap was pulled fiercely over one eye.
Eric Blair	He was standing in profile to me, his chin on his breath, gazing with a puzzled front at a map which one of the offices had open on the table. something in his face deeply moved me. It was the face of a man would commit murder and throw away his life for a friend - the kind of face you would expect in an Anarchist." ~ Eric Arthur Blair : “Homage to Catalonia”
George Orwell

In 1936, Eric Arthur Blair described his role in the Spanish Civil War, an event that would have huge long-term consequences for the people of Europe. The full article is available at Amazon

~ quotation by Co-Historian Steve Payne from Counter-history – You're the Judge!

Elimina Castle	In 1482, to pass the long night of six hundred years at St. George El Mina Castle, Kwame’s brother spoke to him of African Poetry. ”When our tears are dry on the shore and the fisherman carry their nets home and the seaguls return to bird island and the laughter ..
.. of children receds at night there shall still linger here the communion we forged the feast of oneness which we partook of. There shall still be the eternal gatesman who will close the cemetry doors and send the late mourners away. It cannot be the music we heard last night that still lingers in the chambers of memory. It is the new chorus of our forgotten comrades and the halleluyahs of our second selves. ”
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1995, on this day Richard M. Langworth published “If Halifax had lost the Battle of Britain”. theme of this book is "the Eternal Relevance of Churchill," which the author demonstrates by combining fact and fiction. Alternative to Churchill ..	Lord Halifax
.. is remarkably similar in approach to Norman Longmate's “If Britain Had Fallen”, factually relating the course of World War II up to a point then presenting an imagined scenario if a few things had happened differently. For Longmate, the turning point is Hermann Goering's decision to concentrate the Luftwaffe assault on RAF bases instead of London, leading to a successful German invasion and the fall of Halifax, defending Number Ten Downing Street from the onrushing Wehrmacht, dying with his pistol ablaze. For Ratnu, the turning point (which he calls "the diversion") is the decision of Chamberlain's critics Amery for the Tories, Lloyd George for the Liberals, and most of the Labour Party to mute their May 1940 attacks on the Government for the sake of national unity. Thus Churchill does not become Prime Minister on May 10th or any other time, it is Halifax that follows the success to Head of State. And there hangs our tale.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

A Collection of..	In 2003, on this day the compendium “A Collection of Political Counterfactuals” was published. Simon Burns' masterful entry "What if Lee Harvey Oswald had not missed?" was a keynote contribution, considering the scenario where John Kennedy had served as U.S. president only until 1963. The essence of Burns' ..
.. masterpiece is the book within the book, 'Camelot Redux', a work of fiction written by a man called Simon Burns. It describes a world where would-be assassin Lee Harvey Oswald was captured by the piercing gaze of JFK's glammour as the former Marine prepared to shoot the resurrected Merlin from the Texas Book Repository. Straight afterwards, Oswald threw his gun down and handed himself to Constable Tippett, a babbling lunatic.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1945, an uplifted US President Harry S Truman pours himself a congratulatory bourbon as he reflects upon the Japanese surrender. Contrary to the advice of his short-fused military, the delay was in fact nothing other than the slow cogs of decision-making. Definitely, unquestionably, a further strike ..	Ged
.. on Nagasaki would have been unnecessary. Startled by the door opening unannounced, he looks up from the Resolute Desk to see a strangely dressed young man appear. “I too was a reckless youth,“ says Ged “ hungry for power and knowledge, who tampered with long-held secrets and loosed a terrible shadow upon the world. I mastered the mighty words of power, tamed an ancient dragon, and crossed death's threshold to restore the balance.” When the Sparrowhawk leaves, Truman remembers nothing of his mysterious visitors.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

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Raging

The Violent yet peaceful death of Marvin Lee Aday Part VI ~ Sgt. Davis, of the Dallas Police Department prepared the most stringent security precautions in Dallas' history, so that the demonstrations like those marking the Adlai Stevenson visit in October would not happen again. But Winston Lawson of the Secret Service, who was in charge of the planning, told the Dallas Police not to assign its usual squad of experienced homicide detectives to follow immediately behind the President's car. This police protection was routine for both visiting presidents and for motorcades of other visiting dignitaries. Police Chief Jesse Curry later testified that had his men been in place, the Incident might have been prevented, because they carried submachine guns and rifles to take out any attackers, or at least they might have been able to stop Oswald before he left the building. In the long years that followed, Orvis Wesley Aday had pondered much on this decision. Spoke to hundreds of people in the bars of Dallas. Often late at night when such conversations flow more freely. With tongues loosened by alcohol. Got drunk, blind drunk. His son Marvin and his mother Wilma Artie (Hukel) would drive around to all the bars in Dallas, looking for him to take him home. Hated himself. Hated them.

In 2010, climatic changes around the globe forced CIRCLE (the Center of International Research for the Continuance of Life on Earth), to redefine Category 6 of the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Much like the Richter scale for earthquakes, this potential measure give officials and the public an idea of what to expect from an approaching hurricane. The scale is named after Herbert Saffir, a consulting engineer in Coral Gables, Fla., and Robert Simpson, who was director of the National Hurricane Center from 1967 through 1973. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a scale classifying most Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of "tropical depressions" and "tropical storms", and thereby become hurricanes.

Satellite Photo of Raga Storm

The categories into which the scale divides hurricanes are distinguished by the intensities of their respective sustained winds. The classifications are intended primarily for use in measuring the potential damage and flooding a hurricane will cause upon landfall. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is used only to describe hurricanes forming in the Atlantic Ocean and northern Pacific Ocean east of the International Date Line. Other areas label their tropical cyclones as "cyclones" and "typhoons", and use their own classification scales. Proposals for a Category 6 tropical cyclone were not redefined until 2010. Previously, experts such as Robert Simpson, advised that there was no reason for a Category 6 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale because it is designed to measure the potential damage of the speed of the hurricane above 250 km/h (156 mph). Historian A.A. Attanasio recorded the early work of the self-sufficient scientific community on the southern Peruvian coast known as CIRCLE which operated from 2009 until its causal collapse in 2113. CIRCLE was established to find ways to compensate for the massive morphological changes that began as the earth swung into "Line". The Line was defined as a hypertube; the timelike geodesies which connect the spacefree internal domain of a naked Kerr-singularity (a rotating black hole that is "open" to our universe). CIRCLE mantics first identified the ray of metafrequency energy jetstreaming from the massive black hole at the galactic hub as the Line; earth migrated into the flux of the Line fully in 2113, though the transmuting effects of this atypical energy had been altering the planet for over a century. The collapse of CIRCLE marked the end of the "Kro" culture. Instead the human societies that followed termed a Category 6 hurrician as a "Raga Storm". The use of a term instead of a category is of course indicative of the failure attempt to prescribe solutions to radically altered global environment. It was an acceptance of a new reality.

In 1976, executives of the ABC TV network channel agreed to cancel the planned broadcast of Roots, a television miniseries based on Haley's work Roots: The Saga of an American Family which was due to run in less than eight weeks. To desensitise the issue, the executives had consulted with professor Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. of Harvard University. Dr. Gates acknowledged the doubts about Haley's claims with regard to “Roots”, saying, "Most of us feel it's highly unlikely that Alex actually found the village whence his ancestors sprang. Roots is a work of the imagination rather than strict historical scholarship.”

Molotov and Rib..	In 1945, on this day at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice began the Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal. The leadership of the Soviet-German non-aggression pact was prosecuted by Allied military justices. Although officially labelled a "non-aggression treaty", the pact included a secret protocol, in which the independent countries of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania were divided into spheres of interest of the parties. The secret protocol explicitly assumed "territorial and political rearrangements" in the areas of these countries.
Subsequently all the mentioned countries were invaded, occupied or forced to cede part of their territory by either the Soviet Union, Germany, or both. All of the signatories of the pact were sentenced to death and hung within twelve months. Both Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and the German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop dismissed the verdict as victor's justice.

In 2003, on this day the compendium “A Collection of Political Counterfactuals” was published. Simon Burns' masterful sequel "What if Clinton was watching a football game?" was a keynote contribution, considering the scenario of October 29, 1994: Francisco Martin Duran fired at least 29 shots with a semi-automatic rifle at the White House from Pennsylvania Avenue, outside the south lawn, thinking that Clinton was among the men in dark suits standing there. In Burns plot Clinton was in the White House Residence watching a football game; no one was hurt and Duran was sentenced to 40 years in prison.	Clinton

Snakeyes	In 1963, in the early evening, the strange being known as Snake eyes stood outside a Dallas rooming house owned by Ruth Paine. He knocked on the door, and spoke briefly with a former US Marine who had lodged there for a fortnight only. The following day, the man was to ask a co-worker for a ride to Irving, saying he had to pick up some curtain rods. His teachers would have been astounded to see the calm acquiescence of a character who had been withdrawn and temperamental since early childhood. Those teachers had described a "personality pattern disturbance with schizoid features and passive-aggressive tendencies" and recommended continued psychiatric intervention. You could say that continued psychiatric intervention had been applied; Snake eyes was utilising an advanced form of mind control known to only a dozen people in the United States; eleven of them were in Dallas.

In 1947, the bond between the British Empire and Imperial Germany strengthens when Princess Elizabeth married Louis Ferdinand Hohenzollern, Prince of Prussia at Westminster Abbey in London.

Elizabeth