White Horses

The state of TIAH

May 20th, 2007

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Alternate Historian's Note: C'mon people! In 1 week, we'll hit TIAH's third anniversary. As before, that calls for a contest! Please send in your alternate versions of the Academy's beginnings (May 27th, 2004 was the date in this timeline). You can even use the fact that we lost the original day and had to restart on the 28th – whatever you can think of to provide a twist to our start. Send 'em in, and we'll print 'em! Be sure to tell us how you want your credit for the post to appear, as well as any links you want to be connected with your entry. Thanks for reading and get researching those alternate timelines! And, just as an addendum – if we don't get any entries, we're going to consider printing some of our more interesting emails...

in 1999, Sir Lance du Lac is freed from the Hungarian prison camp he had been held in exchange for a promise from the British troops not to bomb Budapest. Sir Lance forcefully prosecutes the war against the Hungarians regardless, and they regret letting him go. However, Queen Gwen is quite happy that he is free, as are the non-Hungarian elite of the Illuminati. King Arthur II brings du Lac back to England for a ceremony celebrating his freedom, and Queen Gwen uses his brief stay in Great Britain to rekindle the affair between them. For some reason, Sir Lance is far more compliant this time, and spends the night in the queen's chambers before returning to the Hungarian front. Queen Gwen sends word to her illuminated brethren that, “Lance is now completely under our control. Let us use this weapon as subtly as our art can allow us; for, should his true purposes be revealed, his usefulness will cease.”

In 1760, in order to to sell a white stallion a farmer traveled from Moberly to the market at Macclesfield. On the roadside he was stopped by an old man who made an offer; he rejected it, hoping to get a better price in Macclesfield. Having failed to do so, he returned home that evening and accepted the old man's offer. Led to Alderley Edge and down into a cave, the farmer saw fabulous riches. He also saw a host of sleeping knights, each had a white horse - save for one. The farmer filled his pockets with treasure in exchange for his horse, and made his way home; he could never find that cave again.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

In 1939, on the eve of World War II, civil defence measures were implemented to prepare for German bombing raids of big towns and cities. Lucy, Edmund, Susan and Peter Pevensie were amongst the million children evacuated from London; they were sent to live in a rambling old house in the countryside owned by a mysterious professor.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

Battle of Dunki..	In 1947, the Tydings Committee continue the cross examination of General Sir Bernard Montgomery with a cruel summary from Senator McCarthy. By your own omission, you masterminded the execution of Operation Dynamo, an incredible, simply incredible, evacuation of Allied troops at Dunkirk with minimal casualties. We ..
.. have noted your weaker performance in the invasion of Italy when your opportunity to seize the position of Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force was lost. Therefore, we must ask ourselves, what has changed? McCarthy walked over to Guderian who passed him a small, ancient bottle. Tail gunner Joe lifted the vial and shouted 'This change, when you lost it!'. Montgomery slumped forward, broken. 'Yes, its true' confessed Montgomery. Apart from Montgomery, Guderian and McCarthy, everyone else is mystified, most of all, Millard Tydings.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1989, the Republican leadership was in the hands of Peter Tatchell. And he had made a bold decision. The British Royal Household were not going to resign or flee the country. The Republicans required a Force majeure. They needed an alternative government the British public could trust and they also needed some level of ..	Peter Tatchell
.. complicity from the Security Forces. Tatchell's plan for the Force majeure was to storm Buckingham Palace and hope that the Security Forces did not have the stomach to open fire on the protesters. Having drawn the Security Forces to the Palace, the Republicans would seize Downing Street and the BBC and announce the dissolution of the monarchy as a televised broadcast.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

Huntress' Yacht	In 1998, he raced towards the quay but he was out of time and out of luck. The information ..
.. he was acting on had arrived just too late. Again. He pulled up sharply at the end of the jetty, gasping for breath, his heart thumping in his chest. As the yacht pulled away, the huntress saw him briefly. She flashed her trademark bitter-sweet smile in his direction. He had failed, yes, but for a moment his mission was forgotten. Briefly he basked in the radiance of her fierce, liberated joy.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1918, the small town of Codell, Kansas was struck by a tornado. Incredibly, the same town was also hit in 1916 and 1917 on this date. The sensational reason for this event was revealed by the first aerial photographs of Earth from outer space. Actually, the Wyandot Nation of Kansas had known about Codell for a thousand ..	Tornado
.. years. They had imprisoned a false shaman claiming to be the son of Iosheka, and now the spell was unwinding.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

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Double Post - May 10-11

The state of TIAH

Today In Alternate History

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Alternate Historian's Note: Thanks to the unplanned outage yesterday, we have a double post today to catch up. And remember - in 16 days, we'll hit TIAH's third anniversary. As before, that calls for a contest! Please send in your alternate versions of the Academy's beginnings (May 27th, 2004 was the date in this timeline). You can even use the fact that we lost the original day and had to restart on the 28th – whatever you can think of to provide a twist to our start. Send 'em in, and we'll print 'em! Be sure to tell us how you want your credit for the post to appear, as well as any links you want to be connected with your entry. Thanks for reading and get researching those alternate timelines!

May 10th, 2007

in 1891, as news of the successful Union attack on the Kansas ammunition dump is blazoned across the nation's newspapers, President Benjamin Harrison takes the opportunity to call for a draft to supplement the military. “Our nation has a grave need of you all in this time of trouble,” he says in the declaration. “Just as in our great civil war, those of us who know the righteousness of our cause must stand in the heat of battle for our nation. I call upon the Congress to enact this legislation quickly, so that Kansas may, once again, be brought into the brotherhood of states.” Congressional leaders take up debate on the draft bill that very day.

in 1999, as King Arthur II reaches his bedside, Prime Minister Merl Myrddin wakes from his coma and smiles at his younger friend. “Today, I feel that you will pass beyond my teachings, Arthur,” Myrddin says to his king. “But, before I leave you to fly with your own wings, I must tell you – there is a traitor in your house.” Arthur, who had been growing suspicious of Queen Gwen, merely nods and says, “I know, old friend. Do not spend your strength on her; that matter will be taken care of.”

In 1997, software engineers from Sun Microsystems arrive at the hospital and release author Neal Stephenson from catatonia. He had been trapped in the Black Sun, a software construct in cyberspace. Stephenson explains to Snow Crash movie Director Marco Brambilla that later editions of the novel described Blaxxun, originally Black Sun prior to his being sued by Sun Microsystems. The basis of the novel was on fact, and he was very grateful to the Corporation for expediting his release.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

In 1999, the sound of Mr Gray's vehicle diminished into the west. The author Stephen King emerged from the trees where he had been hiding. Screaming actually. Mr Gray was not death, but worse than death.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

Bertram Ramsay	In 1947, the Tydings Committee proceeded with the interview of Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay who commanded the 6,900 vessels involved in the D-Day ..
.. invasion including the 4,100 landing craft. As Vice-Admiral Dover he was responsible for the Dunkirk evacuation. He was active in planning Operation Sledgehammer and was subsequently given the planning role for the naval landings of Operation Torch in North Africa. He played a major part in planning the D-day invasion, particularly the naval landings of Operation Neptune and led the naval forces in the battle.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1989, in Great Britain the public backlash at the death of Blair Peach shocks the British Royal household. The ranks of protesters with the Goddess of Democracy in Hyde Park are swelled considerably.	More violence
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

Udham Singh	In 1998, Jack Higgins published sequel Lion has Flown to his famous pseudo-factual novel the Lion has Landed. As an increasingly isolated and insane Churchill pursues his hopeless war, betrayal and treachery reach the highest levels of the British Raj. British intelligence knows that Punjabi freedom fighter ..
.. Udham Singh survived "Operation Eagle", the bungled assassination attempt on Winston Churchill, and is now a POW somewhere in London. The Indian Congress wants him back -- at any cost -- and puts their top espionage agents in charge of the perilous rescue mission. Racing from the nightclubs of Delhi to Churchill's opulent country retreat to the damp streets of London, Nehru's men get closer to their target -- and to the shattering true objective of their mission....Critics ridiculed the basis of the novel that the British were able to defend the Raj from Japanese invasion.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1865, the trial against the Lincoln conspirators begins. The Union had been in chaos ..	Abe Assassinated..
.. since John Wilkes Booth, George Atzerodt and Lewis Thornton Powell assassinated the United States President, Vice-President and Secretary of State being Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson and William H. Seward respectively. A lifeline was thrown to General Robert E. Lee called the Confederacy's Last Chance. He took it.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

May 11th, 2007

in 1891, in a whirlwind of activity, the US Congress passes a bill authorizing a military draft and sends it to President Benjamin Harrison for his signature. “This is the sort of speed that is necessary when the nation stands at peril,” President Harrison says at the signing. “I have high hopes that my friends in the legislature will not grow lethargic and feel that their work is done, now. In addition to providing troops for the coming battle, we must fund and supply them. I would ask them to please work as quickly on these other matters as they have on the draft.” The Democratic leaders of Congress, nominally Harrison's political enemies, are temporarily defanged by the need to unity at this time, and feel obligated to take up more legislation to fund a war that many privately consider to be Harrison's fault.

in 1999, Prime Minister Merl Myrddin dies in his London hospital, and King Arthur II appoints one of his old Welsh comrades, Kay Ector, as the next Prime Minister, and tells him, “You follow a giant. But, I have faith that, standing upon his shoulders, you will seem taller still.” Prime Minister Ector makes immediate contact with the British allies from across the globe and lets them know that Britain's fortunes may have taken a temporary dip, but are rebounding back quickly. On the Swiss front, Sir Lance du Lac's forces approach within sight of Bern. Emperor Pierre flees the city and finds himself cut off from the Illuminati's resources – his old allies have apparently lost faith in his abilities. His greatest spy, in the meantime, is taken into custody in Wales. Queen Gwen, her head held high, is jailed for treason against the realm.

In 2367, on the planet Bezer'ej Royal Marines of the Federal European Union have taken the most extreme measures possible to prevent the immortality parasite falling into the hands of World governments. A cobalt-salted nuclear warhead has genocided the indigenes of the planet. Trouble is, the world is considered a protectorate by the wess'har and that outrage must be redressed.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

In 1999, still shaking the author arrived home in Center Lovell. As he entered the key in the lock, the door swung open. “Good afternoon Mr King,” said Mr Gray. Stephen King screamed. He was still screaming an hour later when another vehicle arrived. The trademark waa-waa of the Maine state troopers' siren drowned out the scream, briefly.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

Bertram Ramsay	In 1947, the Tydings Committee proceeded with the interview of Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay who commanded the 6,900 vessels involved in the D-Day ..
.. invasion. Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy of Wisconsin asked a series of penetrating questions. As a starter, where did Ramsay believe the 4,100 landing craft were right now? Ramsay repeated the orthodox wisdom - 'Caves of Ice'. The room took several minutes to settle down as an uproar broke out. What could this mysterious transmission possibly mean?
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1989, in London Security Forces including the Army moved in on Hyde Park in an attempt to breakup the protesters around the Goddess of Democracy. A sign of the resistance movement was the unknown rebel who stands calmly in front of an oncoming tank. Morale in the Security Forces is now a concern to the British Royal household. ..	Unknown rebel
.. They could neither confirm nor deny the arrest of the unknown rebel.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

Nicholas Assass..	In 1891, today marked the anniversary of the Otsu Scandal. This was of course the assassination of Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovitch on 11 May 1891, while Nicholas was visiting Japan. Nicholas was returning to Kyoto after a day trip to Lake Biwa in Otsu, Shiga Prefecture. He was attacked by Tsuda Sanzo, one his escort policemen, ..
.. who swung at the Tsarevich's face with a sabre. The quick action of his cousin, Prince George of Greece and Denmark, who parried the second blow with his cane, might have saved his life. Tsuda then attempted to flee, but two rickshaw drivers in Nicholas's entourage chased him down and pulled him to the ground. Nicholas was left with a 9 centimetre long scar on the right side of his forehead, which doctors were unable to close and he bled to death shortly afterwards at the Kyoto Imperial Palace. The weakening of the Romanovs at this critical juncture actually extended their longevity. Concessions in the 1905 revolution led to the opening of the Duma and the blossoming of a constitutional monarchy and democratic system of government in all the Russias. Western Europe set about a containment strategy desperate to prevent any form of republicanism entering the capitals of London, Paris, Vienna and Berlin.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1949, Palestine joined the United Nations. Palestine has a vibrant cultural life and a technologically and industrially advanced economy. Palestine was ranked 23rd out of 177 countries in the United Nations Human Development Index, the highest ranking in the Middle East and 3rd highest in all of Asia.	Commemorative S..
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

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Victories

The state of TIAH

May 9th, 2007

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Alternate Historian's Note: In 18 days, we'll hit TIAH's third anniversary. As before, that calls for a contest! Please send in your alternate versions of the Academy's beginnings (May 27th, 2004 was the date in this timeline). You can even use the fact that we lost the original day and had to restart on the 28th – whatever you can think of to provide a twist to our start. Send 'em in, and we'll print 'em! Be sure to tell us how you want your credit for the post to appear, as well as any links you want to be connected with your entry. Thanks for reading and get researching those alternate timelines!

in 1891, Major Mark Wainwright and his small team of men blow up the ammunition dump at the Kansas border and successfully slip back over into Nebraska. Colonel Theodore Monteith attacks the Kansas militia at that point, and successfully captures miles of territory from the rebels, who are forced to retreat from the better-supplied Union men. The victory is bandied about the Midwest by those loyal to the Union cause, and morale lifts for those who long to see Kansas brought back into the brotherhood of the states.

in 1999, in spite of the best efforts of Queen Gwen, word reaches King Arthur II that Prime Minister Merl Myrddin has been found and is in a hospital in London, laying in a coma. Arthur immediately leaves Wales, even though the queen pleads with him that he needs more rest. Fortunes for Great Britain seem to turn everywhere as King Arthur returns to England – Sir Lance du Lac's forces in Switzerland finally swell to a number that he feels sufficient to march on Bern. Emperor Pierre is thrown into a panic as all his pretenses to control of the situation crumble; the elite of the Illuminati abandon him and flee Switzerland by any route still available to them.

In 1997, Snow Crash movie Director Marco Brambilla visits the hospital where the author Neal Stephenson lies motionless in the hospital bed with thick leather straps across his legs, arms and head. The nurse explains that the author's body has ceased to function, a pace maker has been fitted. Also, he is covered in a fine sheen of perspiration. Stephenson himself knows nothing. He is trapped in the Black Sun, a software construct in cyberspace.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

In 1999, Mr Gray's vehicle flashed past and the author Stephen King recognized the driver immediately. It was himself, wearing the scary trademark grin of the gunslinger, Roland Deschain.

~ variant from Steve Payne: extensive use of original content has been made to celebrate the author's genius.

Montgomery	In 1947, the Tydings Committee continued with the cross examination of General Sir Bernard Montgomery, commander of the 21st Army Group, to which ..
.. all of the D-Day invasion ground forces belonged, and he was also in charge of developing the invasion plan. Following his role in Operation Dynamo in 1940, and on his return Montgomery antagonised the War Office with trenchant criticisms of the command of the BEF and was briefly relegated to divisional command and only made CB. The bottom line was that Eisenhower not scared of the Tail gunner either. But there was plenty of time for fear to develop until it gripped Montgomery like a vice.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1989, in Great Britain the Security Forces are not yet ready to remove the Goddess of Democracy which has been in Hyde Park for five days now. However they are bold enough to create some peripheral trouble for the protectors, and in one such incident, a young man later dies of injuries sustained from a blow with a police ..	Blair Peach
.. baton. Blair Peach was a New Zealand-born teacher of special needs children at a school in London. He hardly met the republican image that the British Royal household is portraying so starkly in the media as radicals. It's a public relations disaster for Buckingham Palace.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

Thomas Blood	In 1671, disguised as a clergyman Thomas Blood stole the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. He was too drunk to run with the loot and fell into the River Thames where the Jewels were never recovered. He was later condemned to death and then mysteriously pardoned and exiled by King Charles II. The heart of the matter was ..
.. the Royal money troubles with Blood was acting under orders. The jewels, most of which were made for Charles II, had been destined to be broken up and sold on the continent and the proceeds used to refill the royal treasury.
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

In 1950, on this day Robert Schuman presented his proposal on the creation of an organized Europe, indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations. This proposal, known as the "Schuman declaration", is considered by some people to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the United States of Europe.	Schuman
~ entry by Steve Payne from Counter History in Context - You're the Judge!

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Hallowe'en

Haloween	In 1976, the police siren reached its apex and stopped, the child screaming as Jeremy Thorn raised the stiletto high above him. "Stop!" shouted a voice from the street and two policemen emerged from the rain, one drawing a resolver as they ran from their car. Thorn glanced up at them, then down at the child, and with a sudden cry of rage plunged the knife downward, the child's scream coming simultaneously with the sound of a gunshot. For a moment, everything was frozen. Then the church doors swung open and a priest stared out at the scene: a tableau behind the veil of down-pouring rain.
Hallowe'een Story

By using just one of the seven knives of Meggido, Thorn had only succeeded in extinguishing physical life from the saviour, Estelle Gerard. "This makes things really difficult" said Father Brennan, stepping forward to face the policemen.

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Alexander Litvinenko

In 2006, former KGB spy and Kremlin critic Alexander Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised. He died three weeks later, becoming the first known victim of lethal polonium-210-induced acute radiation syndrome. Litvinenko's allegations about the misdeeds of the KGB and his public accusations that the Soviet government was behind his unusual malady resulted in worldwide media coverage.

The unsolved death brought a new low to Anglo-Soviet relations. "The police investigation will proceed, and I think people should know that there is no diplomatic barrier to that investigation," Mr. Blair told reporters during a trip to Copenhagen, Denmark. The use of polonium-210 is an alarmingly new escalation in the biological phase of the Cold War going back almost thirty years. In 1978, while walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov was assassinated by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from in a specially-designed umbrella. Security around government facilities has been doubled and the British Security Forces are on their highest alert since the first Gulf War ending in exchanges of bio-weapons with Iraq in 1991.

Abraham Lincoln	"A house divided against itself cannot stand. (Mark 3:25) I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved..It will become all one thing, or all the other." ~ Abraham Lincoln (16 June 1858) Before the War of Southron Independence forced a decision - “the other”. A synopsis of Lincoln's pre-election statements are detailed at Wikipedia
US President

Kinky Friedman	In 2008, on the eve of Election Day, Texan singer/songwriter and Independent US Presidential Candidate Richard S. “Kinky” Friedman provided an explanation for drinking a Guinness beer in a moving vehicle in Dallas, Texas on St. Patrick's day - I admit to drinking it, but I did not swallow.

In 1952, Operation Ivy was conducted on Elugelab Island in the Enewetak atoll of the Marshall Islands. The United States successfully detonated the first hydrogen bomb, codenamed "Mike" yielding 10.4 megatons of explosive power, over 450 times the power of the bomb that fell on Nagasaki. Military planners were once again trapped inside the logic of the nuclear option. Applying Bernard Montgomery's second law they had demonstrated unwillingness to “take their land army to Asia” and accept American casualties in the hundreds of thousands. Therefore with Communist forces threatening to overrun Korea, China and Vietnam US President Thomas Dewey had two choices. Either to withdraw from Asia or to use the hydrogen bomb. He chose the latter, it was a no brainer really.	Hydrogen Bomb

Margaret Thatcher

In 1990, on this day the Conservative Government of Great Britain was dealt a fatal blow by the resignation of a senior cabinet minister. Margaret Thatcher, one of Sir Geoffrey Howe's oldest and staunchest supporters, resigned from her position as Deputy Prime Minister in protest at Howe's European policy. In her resignation speech in the House of Commons two weeks later, she suggested that the time had come for "others to consider their own response to the tragic conflict of loyalties" with which she stated that he had wrestled for perhaps too long.

In 1973, on this day Leon Jaworski was appointed as the new Watergate Special shortly after the Saturday Night Massacre which led to the dismissal of prosecutor Archibald Cox. During his tenure as Special Prosecutor, Jaworski was perhaps most famous for his protracted constitutional battle with the White House concerning his attempts to secure evidence for the trial of former senior administration officials on charges relating to the Watergate cover-up. The Special Prosecutor knew that President Robert F Kennedy had discussed the Watergate cover-up with the accused on numerous occasions and that these conversations had been recorded by the White House taping system. Jaworksi requested tapes of sixty-four Presidential conversations as evidence for the upcoming trial. The President refused to hand them over, citing executive privilege.	Richard Nixon
The Watergate scandal refers to a 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C. by members of the Kennedy administration. The White House “plumbers” were attempting to stage manage a burglary by the Republican nominee Richard Nixon, the second time the Kennedys had cheated Honest Dick out of the White House. The resulting cover-up led to the resignation of the President.

Death

	In 1980, Marxist leader Robert Mugabe won a sweeping election victory to become Zimbabwe's first black prime minister. Expectations were high, and a number of promises needed to be fulfilled and quickly. First and foremost, Mugabe had sworn he would publicly hang Ian Smith in the capital city of Salisbury.
Robert Mugabe

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	In 1759, Brigadier General James Wolfe wrote a letter to Major General Jeffrey Amherst in which he said ~ If, by accident in the river, by the enemy's resistance, by sickness or slaughter in the army, or, from any other cause, we find that Quebec is not likely to fall into our hands (persevering however to the last moment), I propose to set the town on fire with shells, to destroy the harvest, houses and cattle, both above and below, to send off as many Canadians as possible to Europe and to leave famine and desolation behind me.

But we must teach these scoundrels to make war in a more gentleman like manner. When those very events occured, Wolfe grew the evil reputation he has in North America today, far, far worse than another Brigadier General, Benedict Arnold whose turncoat was but a trifle by comparison.

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	In 1949, the Security Council of United Nations recommended membership for Palestine following the withdrawal of British forces two years before. Zionists led by David Ben-Gurion gain world attention for the plight of the Jewish settlers in the State. However Anglo-America had decided to respect Arab Unity in order to keep the Soviet Union out of the Middle East and reneged on the 1917 Balfour Declaration which promised the State of Israel.

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	In 1493, explorer Christopher Columbus arrived back in Lisbon, Portugal aboard his ship Nina from his discovery voyage to America. Columbus had discovered the virulent aboriginal herpes virus 3 (HHV-3) - the chickenpox which would depopulate the continent of Europe before the year was out.

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In 1977, the First Cray-1 supercomputer was shipped to the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico.

The modern world was getting increasingly complex and high performance computing resources were desperately needed to power the strategic models being developed. Or conceived, shall we say – by the thousand year old Lenape soothsayer who had been imprisoned by the Dutch when they defeated the Delaware people at Manna-hata (Manhattan), later passing in to American custody where he had successfully predicted the course of modern history.

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In 1829, an unruly, drunken crowd of President Jackson's supporters overrun the White House during Jackson's inaugural party. During the riot, the mansion catches fire, and President Jackson resolutely takes command of the crowd and gets them out before the building is destroyed. His term is served out in the Vice President's house as workmen rebuild the White House.

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In 1805, the Italian city-states and regions are united under a single ruler for the first time since Rome fell when Giuseppe Corlesconi negotiates the loyalty of all of the disparate noblemen to himself in the Treaty of Sardinia. He places his capitol in Rome, and the newly united country is named the New Republic of Rome. The N.R.R. is one of the first European nations to join the Congress of Nations in the 1860's.

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In 1992, culinary inventor Christian K. Nelson died at his home in Moorhead, Iowa. Although his candy treats were favored in his native Denmark, he tried something different in America, and that proved to be his undoing; he resurrected the old recipe for ice cream, dipping it in chocolate in the hope of making it more palatable to the American taste buds. Unfortunately, it flopped, and nearly drove his chocolate and sweets company out of business.

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Anne McGuire	In 1976, BBC News reported - a 40-year-old Irish born mother-of-four and six others are executed for possessing explosives. Their convictions are later considered unsafe. Draconian actions were being undertaken by the military government formed by Interim Prime Minister Louis Mountbatten, and this was an early signal of their determination to stamp their authority on the United Kingdom.
Innocent

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	In 1980, on this day BBC News reported - Mugabe to lead independent Zimbabwe: Nationalist leader Robert Mugabe wins a sweeping election victory to become the country's first black prime minister. Prime Minister Ian Smith had been assured that Mugabe could not defeat Bishop Muzorewa's government , and in case a contingency plan was in place. In fact two plans. Although the full details of Operation Quartz have never been made public, some aspects of the plan have been revealed by former members of the security forces. It was divided into two parts: Operation Quartz, an overt strike against the terrorists, and Operation Hectic, a covert strike to kill Mugabe and his key personnel
Robert Mugabe

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Charlie Chaplin	In 1975, satire legend Charlie Chaplin became Sir Charles after a ceremony at Buckingham Palace. Chaplin is most famous for scripting the Great Dictator, a biting satire of US President Charles Lindbergh.
Great Dictator

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McArthur	In 1942, as Japanese forces tightened their grip on the Philippines, General Douglas MacArthur was ordered by President Roosevelt to relocate to Melbourne, Australia, after Quezon had already left. With his wife, four-year-old son, and a select group of advisers and subordinate military commanders, MacArthur left the Philippines on PT 41 commanded by Lieutenant John D. Bulkeley, and successfully evaded an intense Japanese search for him.
Return?

War Plan Orange (commonly known as Plan Orange or just Orange) was invoked. Predating the Rainbow plans, which presumed allies, Orange was predicated on the U.S. fighting Japan alone. It anticipated a withholding of supplies from the Philippines and other U.S. outposts in the Western Pacific (they were expected to hold out on their own), while the Pacific Fleet marshaled its strength at bases in California, and guarded against attacks on the Panama Canal. After mobilization (the ships maintained only half of their crews in peacetime), the fleet sailed to the Western Pacific to relieve American forces in Guam and the Philippines. Afterwards, the fleet sailed due north for a decisive battle against the Imperial Japanese Navy, and then blockade the Japanese home islands. The Imperial Japanese Navy developed a counter-plan to allow the Pacific Fleet to sail across the Pacific while using submarines and carrier attacks to weaken it. The Japanese fleet attempt to force a battle against the U.S. in a 'decisive battle area', near Japan, after inflicting such attrition. This is in keeping with the theory of Alfred Thayer Mahan, a doctrine to which every major navy subscribed before World War II, in which wars would be decided by engagements between opposing surface fleets[1] (as they had been for over 300 years). It was the basis for Japan's demand for a 70% ratio (10:10:7) at the Washington Naval Conference, which would give Japan superiority in the 'decisive battle area', and the U.S.'s insistence on a 60% ratio, as 70% superiority was believed to be necessary for a successful attack. Disasterously the American war planners failed to appreciate that technological advances in submarines and naval aviation had made Mahan's doctrine obsolete. In particular, the American planners did not understand that aircraft could sink battleships, nor that Japan might put the U.S. battleship force (the Battle Line) out of action at a stroke. American plans changed after the failure of War Plan Orange. Even after major Japanese defeats like Midway, the U.S. fleet favored a methodical 'island-hopping' advance, never going far beyond land-based air cover. Moreover, by their obsession with 'decisive battle', the Imperial Japanese Navy would ignore the vital role of antisubmarine warfare. Germany and the U.S. would demonstrate the need for this with their submarine campaigns against Allied and Japanese merchant shipping respectively. The American campaign ultimately choked Japan's industrial production. Japan also notably failed to institute an anti-commerce campaign themselves.

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In 1933, the Parliament of Austria was suspended because of a quibble over procedure. Chancellor Adolf Schicklegruber initiated authoritarian rule by decree

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